Build a pond for frogs or fish or fun
If you want to get the most from your garden, then find a place for a pond or two.
Not only can you use a pond to attract frogs and beneficial insects; water is a very effective place to grow food, and according to those involved in an aquaculture, more effective than a soil based equivalent.
This article is not about the benefits of incorporating water into your garden, but rather a practical guide on how to build a pond with car or truck tires. Having done this twice now, I can point out some of the things done wrong along the way, and hopefully step you in the right direction.
But first, let’s take a moment to admire the finished product (just click on that arrow to start the video):
Choosing the Correct Tyre
The first step is to get a used tire!
There are plenty of places you can find them, including your local tire retailer. They always have old ones around the place, and the shop owners I approach are more than happy to give away whatever they have.
The tires I found for this job are sized 295/80, which are the types that can be fitted to trucks and buses. When prepared according to the steps below, they should hold somewhere between 150 to 200 litres – how much depends on the size of the concrete cap you make, and we’ll cover this further on.
A tire of this size is fairly heavy (approx 50 kilos), so unless you are comfortable throwing that weight around get someone to help you out with the transporting and lifting.
Now you have it home, next step is to cut out the top facing wall. The easiest way to do this is with a jigsaw or electric saw.
Do not try this with a circular saw or grinder with cutting blade, unless you want a mountain of rubber smoke stinking up the neighbourhood. Something to do with the high speed of a circular saw perhaps – go with a straight blade or jigsaw as below.
Once you have the top wall removed, this is a great time to site the tire pond where you want it, and then spend some time levelling it off. You don’t need to have it perfectly level for it to work, but you wont be able to fill it to capacity unless it is straightish.
At this point you can dig out some of the soil from the middle, and this will increase the volume of water your pond will hold.
How to Seal the Pond – Plastic or Concrete?
This is not the first time I’ve tried to make a tire pond – and in the first case a plastic liner was used and it didn’t work out. Being sloppy in the preparation led to a leak, just a little one, and that was enough to drain the pond within four weeks.
When thinking about the second attempt, I was in the middle of researching about a thicker plastic liner, and an underlay to go with it, then came across information about the benefits of using concrete.
Concrete costs more or less the same as plastic, lasts longer, and although there is a bit more to do in the preparation stage, it suits those of us that don’t want to worry about a tiny tear literally washing away all that hard work and effort.
Plus, there is a certain sense of manliness when one prepares and then applies concrete. Everything from the mixing shovel to the boots and the smell of cement and water, the noise of metal scraping sand. Manly!
OK so you know my thoughts on the matter – here is how you prepare for concrete.
Prepare the Base for Concrete
Clean out the tire of dirt and debris, then fill the base with bricks or something similar. This will strengthen the plug you are about to make, and save on the amount of concrete you need to use.
How to Make the Right Kind of Concrete
Unsure of what specific type of concrete to prepare, I came across a fantastic website written by a professional pond building company. Without doubt this is a fantastic mixture which set quick and hard, and without any problems.
The ingredients and ratios are:
- 1 part Portland cement
- 2 parts course sand
- 3 parts pea gravel
You could also buy a pre-mixed sand and cement mixture in roughly a 2 to 1 ratio, and then add that to the pea gravel.
Slowly add water to the mixture until it has a consistency of wet dough, about to the point where it will cling to the shovel for a second before sliding off.
Now pour it over the bricks and into all those gaps between the soil and the inside lip of the tire, and you might find that doing it by hand (with a glove), will make it easier to push into any open spaces.
This is a good opportunity to customise your pond, and writing in concrete is a really fun thing to do (it is now a signature pond!).
What you should end up with is like a concrete muffin top that spills over the inside lip, and this is what is going to stop water from ever leaking out.
I recommend that you leave this to dry for 4-6 hours, or until you can knock on the concrete without a knuckle going through it. No need to wait a day or two, as getting to the stage of adding water sooner will result in the still curing concrete to become much stronger and longer lasting.
Using a Water Sealer to Finish the Deal
This step is optional, and recommended. No point going to all the trouble of making a pond, filling it with water, fish, plants, and then finding one day that it has all leaked out across the yard. Not pleasant!
A water sealer becomes the final barrier between the water and the outside world, and should be applied generously with 2-3 coats, allowing for at least 6 hours drying time between each coat.
With the final coat applied, allow to dry for a whole day, then it is time to test it out!
Waterproofing Test
First, brush out as much loose debris from the plug and base of the tire as possible. This might include sand and remnants of concrete, flakes of sealer, twigs, stuff like that.
Splash in a few litres of water and if it is still obviously dirty then clean up with a soaker, getting any pieces of dirt out with it. You might also find that a glass jar works well to scoop out the settled sand and dirt from the base of the tire. Avoid using a metal equivalent that might catch on the rubber or even scrape off some of the sealer.
Now add water to settle just over the plug for a couple of days, and keep an eye on the levels.
Filling the Pond (and second waterproofing test)
So far, so good. Now fill up the pond close to the top and leave for another couple of days. If the level stays more or less the same, you are (almost certainly) leak free!
Now with the utmost confidence that you have built a tire pond to last, it is time to make it more visually appearing, and productive in use.
Making Your New Pond a Home
Dressing up the tire is mostly a matter of trying to hide some of the rubber.
As you can see from little time time spent in the photo below, some logs and bricks give it a rustic enough feel, and for me that was plenty. You might have other things in mind and there is no limit to dressing up a tire pond to make it look as natural as you like.
One design that I’ve seen, but didn’t build, is to surround the tire one foot out with chicken wire, then fill the gap with soil. This gives you a place to have additional plants and over time it completely hides the rubber, also providing a growing space for march or bog plants.
Making it look pretty is one thing, but the real benefit of an aquaculture is to (hopefully) grow some food, and to attract frogs and beneficial insects.
I added to this pond (once it was full, not leaking, and not ugly enough to not scare off the kids):
- One cup full of Duckweed
- One cup full of Azolla
- Half a kilo of pea gravel
- Half a kilo of course sand
- One solar powered water pump
- One Arrowhead (duck potato) tuber in a terracotta pot
- One Pickerel Rush in a terracotta pot
- Four Murray River Rainbow Fish (mosquito control)
Some Examples of How NOT to Build a Pond
Any good post about how to build a pond should also include first attempts, so here goes.
The below is an example of a tire pond with plastic lining, and all was well for the first month, and then water levels started to drop.
There was no obvious signs of leaking, and at first I thought it was the solar pump that was somehow shooting water out, even though that did seem kind of impossible, what else could it be?
So I filled it again with some aged rainwater and hoped for the best, and all was good for another couple of weeks.
Strange how it stayed full for that long, because just as suddenly, the water dropped level to the inner lip, so obviously there was a small tear in the plastic due to my own lacklustre construction efforts. Yes concrete is much more forgiving than plastic!
And this sad looking pond image below was an attempt to build something on the cheap, very cheap. Those clam shell sand pits can be used for holding water, but my experience is that it holds too little water (approx 50 litres), to keep plants and fish alive in it for too long.
Plus it was an ugly puke blue color that got me a heap of crap from my fellow gardeners. The most common words of wisdom being ‘That pond is a real natural shade of blue…’
Time for you to Get Building
So folks, I hope that you now have enough information to get started, or at least to add it on your list of things to do. If you have any questions leave them in the comments, or send me photos of your own little tire pond adventures 🙂
Ground to Ground 
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